Kontruksi Makna Muqsam Bih dalam QS al-Nāzi‘āt [79]:1–5 Perspektif Ibn ‘Āsyūr

Abstract

Qasam is one of the most significant rhetorical devices in the Qur’an, functioning to emphasize messages, strengthen arguments, and shape the thematic orientation of a surah. In QS. al-Nāzi‘āt [79]:1–5, the sequence of oaths introduced by al-nāzi‘āt, al-nāsyiṭāt, al-sābiḥāt, al-sābiqāt, and al-mudabbirāt has generated diverse interpretations regarding the identity of the muqsam bih (object of oath). While some exegetes interpret these expressions as angels, others associate them with stars, archers, or other entities. This diversity raises questions about how the meaning of muqsam bih is constructed and how it relates to the theme of resurrection that dominates the surah. This study aims to analyze the construction of muqsam bih in QS. al-Nāzi‘āt [79]:1–5 according to Ibn ‘Āsyūr in Al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr. Employing a qualitative approach through library research, the study uses QS. al-Nāzi‘āt [79]:1–5 and Al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr as primary sources, supported by works on Qur’anic exegesis, rhetoric, and Qur’anic oaths. The data are examined through descriptive-analytical methods focusing on linguistic aspects, oath structures, and the relationship between muqsam bih and muqsam ‘alaih. The findings reveal that Ibn ‘Āsyūr considers these expressions as adjectival forms referring to an omitted mawṣūf, thereby allowing multiple interpretive possibilities. Nevertheless, he ultimately favors the interpretation of angels because it best corresponds to the surah’s context and its argument for resurrection. The study concludes that muqsam bih in QS. al-Nāzi‘āt [79]:1–5 functions not merely as an object of oath but as a rhetorical construction that reinforces the certainty of resurrection as the central theme of the surah.